Colorectal cancer, cancer of the colon or rectum, is a disease that affects both men and women and is preventable nearly 90 percent of the time. Starting at age 50, men at women at average risk for the disease should get screened. Those with increased risk, like African-Americans who typically develop colorectal cancer at younger ages, should be screened even earlier.
Prevention techniques include regular screenings, a healthy diet and regular exercise. If detected, colorectal cancer requires surgery in nearly all cases for complete cure, sometimes in conjunction with radiation and chemotherapy. Between 80 and 90 percent of patients are restored to normal health if the cancer is detected and treated in the earliest stages. However, the cure rate drops to 50 percent or less when diagnosed in the later stages.
The American Society of Colon and Rectal Surgeons (ASCRS), the leading professional society of colorectal surgeons, provides the following information on colorectal cancer and its screening, prevention and treatment.
-Colorectal cancer can be prevented.
-Screening for the disease can identify polyps (grape-sized growths in the colon and/or rectum) that can be removed to prevent cancer from developing.
-The magic age for screening is 50, unless you have an increased risk for the disease.
-Colorectal cancer is treatable.
-Regardless of your age, know the risk factors, know the symptoms, and know your family history.
-Talk with your health professional about colorectal cancer and your own risk for the disease.
Signs and Symptoms
Many people with colon cancer experience no symptoms in the early stages of this disease. When symptoms appear, they are often varied, depending on the cancer's size and location in the large intestine.
Signs and symptoms of colon cancer include:
-A change in your bowel habits, including diarrhea or constipation or a change in the consistency of your stool for more than a couple of weeks.
-Rectal bleeding or blood in your stool.
-Persistent abdominal discomfort, such as cramps, gas or pain.
-Abdominal pain with a bowel movement.
-A feeling that your bowel do not evacuate completely.
-Weakness or fatigue.
-Unexplained weight loss.
-Blood in your stool may be a sign of cancer, but it can also indicate other conditions. Bright red blood you notice on bathroom tissue more commonly comes from hemorrhoids or minor tears (fissures) in the anus.
-Particular foods, such as beets or red licorice, can turn your stools red. Iron supplements and some anti-diarrheal medications may make stools black. Still, it's best to have any sign of blood or change in your stools checked promptly by your doctor because it can be a sign of something more serious.
Know The Risk Factors
Factors that may increase your risk of colon cancer include:
-Age. About 90 percent of people diagnosed with colon cancer are older than 50. Colon cancer can occur in younger people, but it occurs much less frequently.
-You are at greater risk for colon cancer in the future if you've already had colon cancer or adenomatous polyps or a history of colorectal cancer or polyps.
-Long-standing inflammatory diseases of the colon, such as ulcerative colitis and Crohn's disease, can increase your risk of colon cancer.
-Genetic syndromes passed through generations of your family can increase your risk of colon cancer.
-Family history of colon cancer and colon polyps. You're more likely to develop colon cancer if you have a parent, sibling or child with the disease. If more than one family member has colon cancer or rectal cancer, your risk is even greater. In some cases, this connection may not be hereditary or genetic. Instead, cancers within the same family may result from shared exposure to an environmental carcinogen or from diet or lifestyle factors.
-Colon cancer and rectal cancer may be associated with a diet low in fiber and high in fat and calories. Research in this area has had mixed results. Some studies have found an increased risk of colon cancer in people who eat diets high in red meat and processed meats.
-If you're inactive, you're more likely to develop colon cancer. This may be because when you're inactive, waste stays in your colon longer. Regular physical exercise may reduce your risk.
-People with diabetes and insulin resistance may have an increased risk of colon cancer.
-People who are obese have an increased risk of colon cancer and an increased risk of dying of colon cancer when compared with people considered normal weight.
-People who smoke cigarettes may have an increased risk of colon cancer. They may also have an increased chance of dying of colon cancer.
-Heavy use of alcohol may increase your odds of colon cancer.
Acromegaly, a growth hormone disorder, causing an excess of growth hormone in your body, may increase your risk of colon polyps and colon cancer.
-Radiation therapy directed at the abdomen to treat previous cancers may increase the risk of colon cancer.
Make Lifestyle Changes And Reduce Your Risk
You can take steps to reduce your risk of colon cancer by making changes in your everyday life. Take steps to:
Eat plenty of fruits, vegetables and whole grains. Fruits, vegetables and whole grains contain vitamins, minerals, fiber and antioxidants, which may play a role in cancer prevention. Try to eat five or more servings of fruits and vegetables every day, and to include a variety of produce in your diet.
Limit fat, especially saturated fat. Eat a low-fat diet. Avoid saturated fats from animal sources such as red meat. Other foods that contain saturated fat include milk, cheese, ice cream, and coconut and palm oils.
Eat a varied diet to increase the vitamins and minerals you consume. A number of vitamins and minerals have been linked to a lower risk of colon cancer, though results have been mixed. Studies haven't proved certain vitamins and minerals will stop you from getting colon cancer, but it can't hurt to vary the fruits and vegetables in your diet to ensure you get a wide selection of nutrients. Vitamins and minerals linked to a lower incidence of colon cancer include vitamin B-6 (pyridoxine) , calcium, folic acid and magnesium.
Food sources of calcium include skim or low-fat milk and other dairy products, shrimp, tofu and sardines with the bones.
Magnesium is found in leafy greens, nuts, peas and beans.
Food sources of vitamin B-6 include grains, legumes, peas, spinach, carrots, potatoes, dairy foods and meat. Folic acid is the synthetic form vitamin B-9, and it's used in fortified breads, cereals and supplements. Vitamin B-9 occurs naturally in dark leafy greens such as spinach and lettuce, and in legumes, melons, bananas, broccoli and orange juice.
Limit alcohol consumption. Limit the amount of alcohol you drink to no more than one drink a day for women and two for men. A drink is a 4- to 5-ounce glass of wine, a 12-ounce can of beer, or a 1.5-ounce shot of 80-proof liquor.
Stop smoking. Talk to your doctor about ways to quit that may work for you.
Stay physically active and maintain a healthy body weight. Try to get at least 30 minutes of exercise on most days. If you've been inactive, start slowly and build up gradually to 30 minutes. Also, talk to your doctor before starting any exercise program.
Andrew Pacholyk, MS, L.Ac
Therapies for healing
mind, body, spirit
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